Negotiation in Contract Management - 772 Words

Negotiation in Contract Management Its hard to think of the negotiation process as anything other than a hindrance, but try to view it as an opportunity to identify problems, deal with those issues and lay the foundation upon which the relationship can grow and prosper in the long term. (Computerworld, 2004). Introduction Negotiating contracts in a management setting requires more than just knowledge of the market, factual backup materials, and chutzpah. According to the sources presented in this paper, there are several important dynamics that go into a successful negotiation. Negotiating in a Contract Management Setting An article in the peer reviewed Academy of Management Review (Gelfand, et al, 2006) posits that great strides have been made in the complex social processes that are part of negotiation such as communication, power and influence and personality (Gelfand, 427). The authors define self-construals (that are part of negotiations) as a self-representation that relates to an individuals personality, social roles, stored knowledge and past experiences (Gelfand, 428). The person in a negotiation may not always have his or her self-construals accessible but when the self-construal is accessible during a negotiation, that adds strength and depth to the negotiator, Gelfand explains (429). In other words, what the article refers to as relational self construals (RSC), means that there are psychological advantages in negotiation to theShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The State Water Resources Control Board Negotiation And The California Email Services 2 ( Ces2 )790 Words   |  4 Pagesworking with STPD, I have learned to lead IT Procurements; review and approve the Non-Competitively Bids requests, contract amendments, Limit-To Brand requests and Feasibility Study Report; assist and coordinate contract negotiations. Two of the projects that demonstrate my ability to provide good customers service skills and team skills are the State Water Resources Control Board Negotiation and the California Email Services 2 (CES2) project. To successfully complete my two projects, I have used theRead MorePm 598 Quiz 3 Answers1552 Words   |  7 Pagesauctioning, net marketplaces, vertical exchanges, horizontal exchanges, web portals, sealed bidding, private exchanges, two-step sealed bidding, and competitive negotiations, and  noncompetitive methods, such as purchase agreements and sole-source or single-source negotiations. 2. Phases in the contract management process The contract management process comprises three common phases: Pre-award Phase, Award Phase, amp; Post-Award Phase. Also, the phases comprise six major steps for the buyer andRead MoreContract Creation and Management Simulation1366 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Contract Creation and Management Simulation† Bus Law 531 August 30, 2011 Contract Creation and Management SimulationThe simulation shows a confutation between two software-developing companies, Span Systems, and its customer Citizen-Schwartz AG (C-S), a largeGerman bank. The two companies are in difference of opinion over the quality and timeliness of deliverables. There have been major bugs found by C-S during testing andRead MoreEffectiveness Of Joint Collaboration Between Unions And Management1414 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, the relationship between labor and management was very confrontational when he assumed the role of city manager. His experiences with collective bargaining were in very traditional bargaining environments and he had very little experience with interest-based bargaining. This case traces the impact on service, costs, and capacity for problem solving, by demonstrating the conduct of collective bargaining, non-bargaining interactions, and contract administration with the city s three bargainingRead MoreUnderstanding Labor Relations And Collective Bargaining1019 Words   |  5 PagesAirlines restructuring before the contract negotiations as Mr. Carty had stated, what other preparations would have the company took prior to the negotiation process? What federal government agencies were involved in the labor relations? And what type of response would be expected from the unions that represent American Airlines employees after comments such as the ones Mr. Carty stated? Preparations Prior to a Negotiation Process â€Å"Preparation for any negotiation should start with a number of stepsRead MoreLabor Contract Negotiation : The United Chemical And Plastic Workers1215 Words   |  5 PagesLabor Contract Negotiation For this project, I was a member on the union team and we were to bargain for a new labor contract for our union, the United Chemical and Plastic Workers (UCPW), with our employer, the Harper Container Corporation (HCC). I participated in Week 9 as our Chief negotiator. In the initial weeks of this course, for both teams, we choose our Chief negotiators for each week as well as establish ground rules for negotiating. The ground rules are rules set in place that keep negotiatorsRead MoreRelationship Between Management And The Labor Union Essay776 Words   |  4 Pagesinterest of workers. Companies where unions are present, the relationship between management and the labor representatives are called __labor relations__. John, a consultant was hired by Mexa Manufacturing to explain the labor relations process. The company in its current structure is considered non-unionized; which means employee s work conditions and environment are solely determined internally by the management. For the rest of this lesson, we ll explore the labor relations process which includesRead MoreContract Creation and Management Simulation1268 Words   |  6 PagesContract Creation and Management Simulation William University of Cincinnati Legal Environment of Business Judge Jim P. Ponder July 2, 2000 Contract Creation and Management Simulation The simulation begins in the middle of a major dispute between a software-developing company, Span Systems, and one of its customers, Citizen-Schwartz AG (C-S), a large German bank. The two companies are in dispute over the quality and timeliness of deliverables. There have been major bugs found by C-S duringRead MoreContract Negotiation1590 Words   |  7 PagesContract Creation and Management Simulation LAW/531 In the contract creation and management simulation involving Span Systems and Citizen-Schwarz AG (C-S) the conflict involved and possible resolutions could be beneficial or catastrophic for both companies. Legal risks for corporations in the process of implementation and development of a program are many. To prevent this there must be direct, quantifiable benchmarks that are acknowledged by all parties involved. Any contract ambiguity thatRead MoreContract Creation and Management1199 Words   |  5 PagesContract Creation and Manage Law 531 Contract Creation and Management After completion of the Contract Creation and Management simulation the following legal issues were noted. There were problems with this contract from the beginning because the specifics of the contract were ambiguous from the start. The companies involved developed a contractual relationship by evidence of an offer, acceptance of the offer and valid and legal consideration, which in this case is money for services rendered

Essay On Caffeine - 1454 Words

However people with previous issues such as medical things, could pose a not so good problem for those people; Some with anxiety issues could make that problem for them worse. It is advised if the person does have this issue to use caffeine very carefully. There are many diseases that could possible get worse with the use of caffeine. Bipolar, Bleeding disorders, heart conditions, diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy, glaucoma, osteoporosis, these are all diseases that could possibly be worsened by the use of caffeine or products with. In young adults drinking 4 or more cups of coffee significantly could risk heart attack and death. Coffee could stain someone’s teeth, it is also acidic so it can break down someones teeth and cause decay;†¦show more content†¦It may be okay for adults but children should really limit or not drink it. (Caffeine Uses and Side Effects) Likewise caffeine is a stimulant that falls under the methylxanthine class, which is a psychoactive drug and can be very dangerous. Since caffeine lies in the system for four to six hours, it is very easy to overdo the recommended intake. Common effects of caffeine overdose is feeling more anxious and increased anxiety. Recommendations for moderate consumption is around 3000 to 400 mg; this equals about three or four cups of coffee. A dose of as small as 500 mg and up could cause symptoms of overdose. However tragic does are 10 grams or roughly 50 to 100 cups of beverages containing caffeine. (Is caffeine really addictive?) Meanwhile some say caffeine makes the world go round. For students, caffeine is often a necessity and is widely available in the form of coffee, tea, energy drinks and more. The lack of dangerous side effects and the increased cognitive â€Å"boost† caffeine provides can be enticing. Many students believe the benefits of drinking caffeinated beverages certainly outweigh the risks. However, keep in mind a few things before indulging; caffeine stimulates the central nervous system, just like Adderall and amphetamines. (Caffeine: How much is too much?) While caffeine use does not pose the same negative health consequences of some stimulants, caffeine withdrawal, dependence and toxicity doShow MoreRelatedEssay On Caffeine1032 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever drank a cola or any type of soda? Have you read or heard about the main ingredient including caffeine? Well caffeine is a bitter powder like substance thats very unhealthy and healthy in the same cause. Caffeine can lead to heart attacks but if taken in the right amount can help with long days at work. Caffeine is in items such as Coca-Cola, mountain dew, coffee etc. all sodas and caffeinated drinks can lead to serious heart failure, heart attacks, insomnia, mood drops and can evenRead MoreEssay On Caffeine921 Words   |  4 Pageswhat you’re doing to your body. Caffeine is this amazing thing that has been around forever. Even when we did not use it, it was used by plants as a defense mechanism. To fight the battle against insects, plants developed the caffeine that we all love and cherish today. It was developed on the Arabic Peninsula around 1000 AD into coffee. And then evolved into what we know today. But other than its history, caffeine has different effects with everybody. Caffeine is also a neuro-stimulant, which meansRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1129 Words   |  5 PagesCaffeine is a widely used substance that is known to provide wakefulness and allow for better concentration in the workspace or classroom. SYMPTOMS OF INGESTING CAFFEINE Caffeine is absorbed within the gastrointestinal tract and within 30 to 60 minutes’ maximum levels of caffeine are in your blood stream and symptoms can last for up to 12 hours (Thein, L. A., 1995). Since caffeine increases your metabolic rate and it also increases oxygen consummation it can increase heat production within yourRead MoreEssay On Caffeine975 Words   |  4 Pagesbeverages is caffeine. Caffeine is something most people overlook in their daily lives and can be harmful if taken too much. Typically, the majority of not only adults, but more recently a growing number of teenagers, rely on their daily dose of caffeine to get them through the day in hopes to not get a sense of fatigue. â€Å"Eighty three percent of adults can’t imagine life without their favorite cup of java.† (Healthy Living). The main question consumers ask themselves is whether or not the caffeine they areRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1328 Words   |  6 Pages Today how many people drink caffeine daily and do not realize the harmful effects of doing so? Caffeine is found in many common drinks consumed by both adults and children on a daily basis. People are not concerned with the impact of caffeine on their bodies. Caffeine is addictive and the brain will become dependent on it to keep the mind awake. Caffeine keeps the body from falling asleep by blocking the adenosine receptors; adenosine is what makes the person sleepy. Caffeinated drinks are especiallyRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1263 Words   |  6 Pages28 May 2017 Caffeine Is A Killer Caffeine is the most utilized and popular nervous system stimulant, but it is legal and unregulated all across the world; however, the question is, should it be regulated because of the consequences that come along with it? Caffeine is killing people with how high the consumption rate has gone up; â€Å"about 83% of adults drink coffee in the U.S.† (Coffee grinds US for the nation, KAren Fernau). Because of how much people are taking advantage of caffeine to get throughRead MoreCaffeine Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagesimprove your memory because of a drug called caffeine. Caffeine is contained in many different kinds of foods and drinks like coffee, chocolate and tea. It is a legal drug that consumed worldwide. Its function is to stimulate the central nervous system associated with brain function that affects mental performance especially alertness, attention and concentration. Theobromine is an active ingredient of chocolate that is found in cocoa. Theobromine and caffeine ar e related and have similar structures.Read MoreEssay On Caffeine1241 Words   |  5 PagesCaffeine By: Latasha Betsoi 7B †¢ What are the risks of mixing caffeine and alcohol? ‘’When alcohol is mixed with caffeine, the caffeine can mask the depressant effects of alcohol, making drinkers feel more alert than they would otherwise. While mixing caffeine and alcohol is increases your energy and it can mask the effects of alcohol.† Site: www.cdc.gov/alcohol and www.healthline.com †¢ What are the harmful and beneficial effects of caffeine? â€Å"Caffeine acts as a central nervous systemRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1006 Words   |  5 Pagesvitality. Even though coffee is the most prominent, caffeine can also be found inside sodas, teas, and even energy drinks. Caffeine is a psychoactive drug that stimulates the central nervous system. A typical cup of coffee encompasses about ninety-five milligrams of caffeine. Studies have been performed to observe the effects of caffeine and how it effects so many individuals. For an instance, some studies have discovered that the effects of caffeine may be different for some individuals dependingRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Caffeine870 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Caffeine Works Cited Not Included Caffeine has played a central role in many cultures. Coffee was first discovered over 1000 years ago, and approximately 75% of Americans drink coffee on a regular basis. Despite the thousand years that have passed, there is still controversy surrounding the biological effects of coffee and its primary active ingredient, caffeine. Caffeine

Power Of The Few Over The Many Essay Example For Students

Power Of The Few Over The Many Essay Word Count: 1086The Eleventh Commandment portrayed the state church as beingthe supreme dictator. It is through the eleventh commandmentthat the church held its power and control over the masses. Without the church and its leaders to guide the masses, theirsociety would have collapsed. However, compared to Brave NewWorld, the whole society is conditioned to work for everyoneelse(Huxley 67) by the abuse and daily consumption of soma. Without the drug called soma, their society would have alsocollapsed due to withdrawal symptoms. The underlying realitybetween the two societies is that the masses are manipulated,controlled, and brainwashed, without resistance, to obey andfollow their leaders through various methods of enforcement. The Brave New World is controlled by a select few who callthemselves Resident Controllers and Directors. These elite feware able to control the production and selection process ofsocieties masses. Mustapha Mond, Resident Controller for WesternEurope, and the Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning, overseethe conditioning of embryos. Their powers and control over theseparticular jurisdictions gave them great power, and with that theability to manipulate others. You ass said theDirector, Hasnt it occurred to you that an Epsilon embryomust have an Epsilon environment as well as an Epsilonheredity'(Huxley 23). Through a hierarchy of Alaphas and Betasdown to the lower cast Epsilon, everyone was suited for theirjob. The Director however, through his position of authority,was able to condition the masses to hate thecountry,(Huxley 30). In doing so, the Director succeeds increating an obedient society, which obeys and bows to every whimof his commands. The Resident Controller and Director were twoauthoritative figures that were able to control whomever andwhatever each person worked at, even before they were conceived. Each cast had pre-conceived morals preached to them throughconditioning, and to this end effectively brainwashed to thepoint of utter obedience. The outcome of this brainwashing byconditioning sets forth a society that exists in two tiers, theguardians and the domesticated animals.who? why?-BNWwho? why?-11th CThe church and its head archbishops are able to control andmanipulate the masses in North America by preaching the eleventhcommandment through strict laws and enforcement practices. Theeleventh commandment ordained that every man and women must befruitful and multiply. Because of this commandment and of themilitant ruling religionist enforcement, North America alone hadfour billion people, and yet the church continued to preach theeleventh commandment and its practices. The competition betweencontinents was the driving force behind the eleventh co mmandment. If it was not the competitiveness between ruling church states,the eleventh commandment would have been abolished. Throughdictatorial control the repercussions of not being fruitful andmultiplying, or of using contraceptive devices were most severefor any man or women, and quite often lead to punishment andextermination. Coupled to the acts of punishment, often drugs andother brainwashing techniques were used on those who did not obeythe eleventh commandment. Through control and brainwashing ofthe masses the church was able to manipulate their society to thepoint of total utter starvation. How? BNWManipulation and enforcement to the masses in the Brave NewWorld was very easy for those who were in control. Thetechniques used by those in power were varied between the usageof subconscious persuasion, hypnopaedia, brainwashing, andchemical persuasion. Pavlovian conditioning was used on youngchildren through constant manipulation and repetitivehypnopaedia. The use of chemical persuasion however could beseen to be more influent on the daily lives of thedifferentiating casts. It was part violence and partpsychological manipulation for the people who lived in the BraveNew World. For those individuals who did not conform to thestandards set forth by their leaders, they were exiled to anisland where they were left alone for the rest of their lives. .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 , .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 .postImageUrl , .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 , .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89:hover , .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89:visited , .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89:active { border:0!important; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89:active , .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89 .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua8040f9382255e8a1ad7b16e8c003c89:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Social Issues EssayHow? 11th CWhile chemical persuasion was prevalent in the Brave NewWorld, the accessibility and usage of drugs, especiallycontraceptive drugs, was strictly forbidden by the church. Whilethe church enforced their commandments through a strict militarytotalitarian enforcement agency, people continued to seekcontraceptive drugs. While some people were killed for theirdigressions against the church, most people were brainwashed toconform to the church commandments. it left a blanknesswhere there normally must have been thousands of mostly unnoticedmessages coursing to his brain. This was brainwashing!(Lester168). While most people did conform to the chu rchscommandments, there were still however a select few who resistedthe church and sought to move away from the arms of power ofthe churchs Archbishops. Through manipulation however, thechurch was able to offer food to those who conformed to thechurchs wishes. Success BNW?As the Brave New World was set in an age of advancedtechnology, anyones ideas who went against the order of thestate was considered to be an anarchist. As the world statesmotto suggested, Community, Identity, Stability(Huxley 15) thepillars of the social hierarchy where continuously being erodedby those who thought and acted differently. The statestotalitarian controllers ability however to deal with this groupof individuals through strong persuasion tactics saw that mostpeople did keep in line with the states wishes and orders. Forthose who did not coincide with the states beliefs, they wereexiled. Success 11th C?Although the church was able to preach its commandments andtheir other mystical religionist practices, there where stillover one billion people who were seeking to flee to Australia,the supposedly safe haven for all Romish religion individuals. The church, through its methods of controlling their society,was still able to control a large percentage of the popula tion. However, this dictatorial control over the masses was onlyaccomplished through the punishment and extermination of thosewho did not conform to the churchs propaganda and practices. The successfulness of the churchs ability to control andmanipulate, while at the same time brainwashing their followersallows them to rule their continent with an iron fist. If itwere not for the techniques that the church used, their abilityto control the masses would have been greatly diminished. ConclusionThrough reinforcement of desirable behaviour and scientificmanipulation, the effectiveness of the Directors and ResidentControllers ability to control the masses was greater than thosemanipulation methods practiced by the church in The EleventhCommandment. Even though the church had a military totalitarianenforcement agency, the leaders in the Brave New World were ableto repress the masses through dictatorial control throughpunishment and extermination. While in both societies theunderlying human interaction was the inability to communicate,both had the essence of being superficial worlds.

Timeline History Of Russia 1533

Timeline History Of Russia 1533-1991 Essay 1533-1584The Russian Empire, covering over one-sixth of the world, is governed by the sovereignty of Czar Ivan the Terrible. The feudalsystem oppresses every man, woman and child as the Czar releases Tax Collectors to maintain support for the nobles in the land. Brigands and financial extortionists persecute any lower class citizen who refuses to help contribute to the Czars regime. 1682-1725Under Czar Peter I (Peter the Great), the Russian Empire begins to flourish with traces of traditional social structure modifications in the country. Observing the radical advances of western civilizations, Peter orders the modernization of the army, creation of a navy, encourages mercantilism and foreign trade, and gives women more rights. Nevertheless, the Empire remains stricken in poverty over slow reforms and the overbearing presence of feudalism. 1825-1861The feudal system begins to fail when the goals and desires of the common peasant cannot be achieved through such an archaic doctrine. Various successive Czars attempt social reforms which do not leave an impact on the countrys well-being. In December of 1825, an uprising from the populace occures when they demand changes to the economic system. With the development of the American, French and Spanish constitutions, the serfs now demanded the abolishment of the monarchy dictatorship, communal ownership of land and man y other civil and social reforms. Unfortunately, their rebellion was quicklydismantled by the Czars military faction and the system remained in tact. 1861-1905Czar Nicholas II finally realized that his current economic monarchy was holding back the development of the empire. He therefore created a parliamentary system in 1905 which would decrease the number of strikes and violent outbursts generating from the peasants. This representative assembly (called a Duma) was convened a total of four times during the first World War and gave legitimacy to other political factions within the empire and would hopefully increase civil rights. 1917-1924World War I led to the abdication (resignation) of the Czar as the people revolted against his useless monarchy. Famine, disease and death were spreading like wildfire as the Russians aided France against the militia of Germany during World War I. The population lost its faith in the monarchy and installed a provisional government that would keep the country from disintegrating. However, this government refused to intervene during the fragile years of the war and lost its power to a communist party called the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Nikolai Lenin), overthrew the provisional government and implemented their style of authority to the empire. Their objectives were to lead the Russian empire into prosperity while utilizing Karl Marxs proposed doctrine for a communal, classless environment where the workers will be using their abilities to satisfy their own needs. The Union was now born and the Communist Manifesto was finally going to be activated. The C zar and his family were captured and executed, thus ending the oppressive autocracy that had befallen the empire for hundreds of years. Eventually, the central government was overtaken by Lenin and his military leaders, LeonTrotsky and Josef Stalin. Although a minority party, the Bolsheviks decided to implement capitalistic modifications to the fragileeconomy in order to aid the communistic backlash that would follow. The New Economic Policy (NEP) created by Lenin would allow peasants to keep a certain amount of profit for themselves, rather than having the government subsidize all of it. Unfortunately, Lenin died just as his policy had started to work. 1925-1953The two apparent heirs to Lenins regime were Josef Stalin and Leon Trotsky. Although Trotsky was better suited for the position (with his strong political inclinations towards reasonable social adaptability), Josef Stalin assumed controlled and subsequently ordered the exile of all apposing cabinet ministers, including Trotsky. Anyone in the Union who objected to his decisions was sent to Siberian prison camps or murdered. He now had full control without any intervention from other liberal or moderate parties. He decided to concentrate on improving military strength and building on improving the Soviet economy, rather than follow Lenins revolutionary goal of domin ating the world. In order to obtain the immense amount of money needed to maintain his militia, he began a series of five year programs which would force the average farmer to meet a quota by the end of the harvest and then have the state subsidize all of the production. This system, aptly named collectivization, reprimanded allof the average workers liberties and created great suffering during the Stalin regime. Such suffering was magnified during an anti-war treaty that Stalin had signed with Hitlers Germany in an effort to avoid a confrontation with the Nazi military. However, Hitler violated this treaty in an effort to dominate all of Europe and was denied at the expense of millions of Soviet lives who fought for freedom against his tyranny. Not only did this lead to millions of deaths and a severe decrease in productivity. Stalin eventually passed away in 1953, and the conservative trend would now shifted to a more liberal form. .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 , .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 .postImageUrl , .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 , .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304:hover , .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304:visited , .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304:active { border:0!important; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304:active , .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304 .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue0f53ad2f2241c111f57d4babd804304:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rosa parks Essay We will write a custom essay on Timeline History Of Russia 1533-1991 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 1953-1964Nikita Krushchev, a dedicated liberal leader, managed to become the leader of the Soviet Union after a conservative mogul by the name of Malenkov could not gather enough support from the Political Bureau. Krushchev proceeded to moderately alter the rigid, despotic structure of the Union and dealt vigorously with other foreign countries. The improvement in foreign relations, outer space developments and housing/employment allowed Krushchev to improve the Soviet economy. In 1964, he became the first leader ever to lose power when the Political Bureau (Politburo) ousted him due to his extreme radical policies. 1964-1982Brezhnev had now assumed control of the Union. A rigid Stalinist with hard-line ethics, Brezhnevs goal was to make the USSR into one of the strongest political superpowers in the world. The military was richly funded and the authoritative influence of Brezhnev could be felt in the asperity of the population. When Brezhnev died in 1982, he left behind an empire with one of the worlds strongest military sectors, but weakest population morale. The Soviet Union was an empty superpower with crumbling financial, social and political sectors. 1985-1991In the following years, the Union witnessed very little political reform in terms of enhancing social and production factors. Yuri Andropov died early before he could establish any noticeable reforms and Koneztin Chernenko was inefficient as the leader of the KGB and the Union. At age 54, Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev emerged to inherit the economically devastated Union and began establishing political reforms that the world had not e ncountered since the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. With radical ideologies such as Glasnost (Openess) and Perestroika (long-range capitalistic restructing), along with improved foreign trade and diplomatic association with the United States (elimination of most ballistic nuclear missiles), the reformist had arrived to change the face of his dominion. Gorbachevs economical strategies had transformed the Soviet Union from a desolate oppressed wasteland to a socially liberated jungle. Such radical policies and reforms not only encouraged the development of a revolution, but the global transformation of Europe as we know it. As the hard-line coup was formed in early 1991, Gorbachev managed to hold on to power thanks in part to his liberal nemesis, Boris Yeltsin. In return, he had lost all popularity and support from the people and eventually witnessed the destruction of the Union and the death of communism in Russia.

BillGates essays

BillGates essays William Henry Gates III was born in Seattle, Washington, in 1955. "Bill" was called "Trey" by his father, since "Trey" means three. Trey was always smart, and always loved even the earliest computers he could get his hands on. He went to a public school at first, and made a few friends there. He was pushing all the school had to offer to the limits, until his parents decided to send him to a private school. He at first didn't like the idea, but shortly after decided to go. The new school he went to, called "Mothers' Club," was where he got his hands on his first computer. The mothers decided to have a rummage sale. The proceeds were used to buy a computer terminal, and buy computer time for the students. Trey said he has always been grateful for the computer bought, especially in the '60s, since computers were such an unusual thing to get at that time. The All through his teens, Trey as "rebelling" against his mother. He did everything his own way. He was always ! hard to get alon g with, unless he had at least some control. That was, as I have read about him, the way his personality was. He went to a psychologist for a few years, because his mother refused to give in to Bill's "rebellion." The psychologist just insisted that she must give in, because he couldn't help it, that was just the way he was. Bill wrote his first computer program, a version of tic tac toe, when he was only 13 years old! The way it worked was where each time you made a move on the keyboard, the extremely loud printer came out with the results slowly after each move. Although a 5 minute tic tac toe game could take as long as 2 hours, the kids at school, including Bill and his best friend, Paul Allen, liked it anyway since it was so extraordinary to be using what they actually made themselves. Bill and Paul were always best friends, and they were both very interested in computers. Paul was about four years older than Bill. When Bill went to college, in Ha! rv ...

20 Signs You Are a College Nerd

20 Signs You Are a College Nerd They say college can change your life and theyre not kidding. You might start college with the same mindset you had in high school but chances are youve done a full 180 (or three) by the time the first semester ends. Weve rounded up the Top 20 signs that your might be going down the path of Geek Chic †¦ or just plain Geek. 1. You set your alarm early for Back to School sales. Some people think the Friday after Thanksgiving is the most important shopping day of the year, but not you. No, you march to the beat of a different drum †¦ one that starts mid August with Back to School sales. Face it, you just cant pass up 10 for $10 deal on boxes of staples, oddly shaped push pins and novelty folders. 2. Texting, IMing or pinging your roommate is the norm. No matter if your roommate is off campus, at the game or just across the room – if you need to talk, you do it by device. 3. Arguments about Star Trek can change the course of your dorm life. If you can name all the movies, have a passionate opinion about best captain and crew or have ever requested to change rooms because your roommate was a â€Å"Picard Man† then youre deep within the College Nerd Quadrant. 4. Star Wars counts, too! Were you standing in line at midnight for the Collectors Edition Blu-Ray Bonus Digital Content release party? We thought so. 5. You skip classes to get a head start on the paper you know your professor will assign. After all, youve already read ahead seven chapters so why not get going on that paper you know will be due in five weeks? 6. You rotate the names for your WiFi. Usually you stick to the names of favorite alien races but sometimes you mix it up with your favorite Star Dates. 7. Everything runs off your PC. Youve set up your computer to control the lights, temperature and playlists so you never have to get up. 8. You have specific playlists for certain classes or projects. You cant crack a chemistry book without cuing up Weird Science and that Feminism paper isnt going to get done until youve made it through Aretha Franklins Greatest Hits. 9. Your friends ask you to audit their class just so they can have your notes. Between the pie charts, keyword breakdown and abstract you provide, what you get out of a lecture is better than the textbook. 10. You have textbook editors in your email address book. Looking for misspellings, outdated information and poorly constructed chapters is your favorite past time. Youre on a first name basis with editors though oddly enough they never thank you for your regular correction notes each semester. 11. You started offering to repair computers as a way to meet people. After a few weeks, however, you realized you preferred the company of the computers. 12. Class numbers can be an issue. Did you want to take Prehistoric Pottery until you found out the course number was even? Or did you only sign up for Modern Dance because that number was odd? College nerds put a lot of stock in lucky numbers. 13. Resolving arguments can be difficult. When you and your roommate or study group have a disagreement its usually resolved by Rock-Paper-Scissors-Lizard-Spock or Evens-Odds-Binary. 14. Your plans for a long weekend tend to be a bit different. While others might be planning for parties, bar crawls and concerts, youre packing your holiday weekend with LARPing, Star Trek RPG and a Harry Potter marathon. 15. If its worth doing, its worth tracking. Youve been following – and charting – your study to grade ratio since the first grade. 16. Your idea of a Care Package is slightly different. Other students may look forward to boxes of photos and cookies, but your family knows to send Anime DVDs and supplies for your next cosplay project. 17. Integration is everything. Youve made it your personal mission to work with every instructor you have to integrate Pinterest, Twitter, DropBox and 4Chan into the curriculum. Youre saving Flipboard, Seesmic and ProPublica for next semester. 18. Semantics are important. Theyre not dolls or action men, theyre collectible figures. Its not a waste of an entire weekend, its an Epic Dungeons and Dragons Campaign. 19. Your College criteria was highly specific. Some students check out concert venues, party spots or sports teams when considering college. You wanted to know how close the libraries were, how many bookstores there were and whether or not there was an active RGP/LARP/MMOG community. 20. Your friends can turn your room into a drinking game. Rules include one shot for every calculator and double shots for pamphlets or promotional materials for Starfleet Academy, Hogwarts and other not-technically-actual schools. If most the listed points above are true, congratulations one more college nerd is among us! To know for sure, you can also take the quiz to find out which type of student you are. Did we miss a giant red flag of college nerdom? Add your own nerd signals in the comments section below.

Solution on how engineering text books could be made affordable to Essay - 1

Solution on how engineering text books could be made affordable to mechanical engineering students - Essay Example Amadallo D.1 argues that, "I could have performed much better than I am doing now if all or at least a good fraction of the text books I've always needed were made available. My grades are affected negatively by the fact that I do not have most of the recommended books". Asked to explain why this is so, the student claims that though the texts are available in the stores, the price tag on each is disappointing! The cry of this student reflects that of the many students taking the course in the many higher institutions of learning all over the world. There is need to find a solution to this "price tag" problem, so that we can be certain that the future mechanical engineers are trained appropriately as per the demands of their dynamic field. Publishers of the mechanical engineering books on the other hand do not see any unjustifiable reasons for the high costs of the products; the books have higher production costs anyway, even in terms of quality production as compared to the other fields! The scope or range of material that a particular book customary includes and the contents, referring to the subjects or topics usually covered in any engineering book directly implies higher costs (D. W. King and C Tenopir.1999). The publishers claim that the blame should be laid on the stringent authorship restrictions, the policy imposing the limitations on who is eligible to submit any material for publication, which renders the field duly uncompetitive. The expensive acquisition of the many international publications that enjoy well deserved reputation, regional disparities that might exist, for example, addressing a methodological topic having little relevance elsewhere and high editing costs are also to blame. Students on the o ther hand do no agree with the claims laid by the publishers. They blame the publishers of taking advantage of the belief that the course is generally expensive citing the current price of a new algebra textbook approaching $110 with the publishers bringing out a new edition every three to four years just to prevent students from selling their used books (digg, 2006). The quality of the text contents should never be compromised and the validity of the authors should even be exposed to more stringent rules to protect the authenticity of any publications made. The students argue that techniques should be devised to make the unaffordable texts available to the students who need them, and this basically involves a modulation of the publishing costs. This can, for example be achieved by introducing mergers where senior engineering students and any willing departmental lecturers and scholars with a motivation to engage in the business of publishing are involved in editing, marketing or in sales and in any other aspect related to publishing operations, as a cost sharing initiative between the publishers of mechanical engineering text books and mechanical engineering students. To facilitate the provision of high quality and latest text books to the students at reasonable costs, it has been proposed that the books recommended for each course in the entrusted curriculum should be adopted as textbooks by all the universities (Revised Curriculum of Mechanical Engineering, 2003). The need for technical speciality is another major reason that contributes to the high cost of

Napolean and Stonewall Jackson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Napolean and Stonewall Jackson - Essay Example Napoleon’s Influence on War Strategies Until Napoleon, the act of war was there were either the state rulers or the trusted warriors who were regarded as responsible of the entire affair. However, Napoleon and Fredrick II had introduced a new concept of ‘warrior-king’ who can apply diplomatic as well as military power for his own aims â€Å"†¦and thus could more directly tailor military actions to strategic aims--and more thoroughly conclude peace following decisive military events†2. The warfare was in evolution even in the age of Napoleon. He had cleverly noticed the problems of sustenance and movement of armies in the battlefield and he took advantage of it. He had increased the mobility of the armies and had applied his creative tactics in the art of warfare, especially in the quick formation of army combinations. His creativity and insight into the affairs of War tactics had won him great victories. Critics believe that Napoleon’s victory l ies mainly to his ability in synthesizing and exploiting the developments made by others. He did not rely on personal novelties; rather he tried to gain concepts from the war tactics applied by others. This approach ended the earlier â€Å"force employment, as opposed to weapons technology or logistical means†3. â€Å"Napoleon was about action; he did not share Jomini’s focus on principles†.4 To him, war was what is done in the battlefield, not in books. Though napoleon had not proposed a definite theory of War as his main concern was application of tactics, Jomini and Clausewitz have interpreted his actions and strategic aims to lay a basis for modern art and science of war. They had studied the operational circumstances and strategies applied by napoleon and they had added the active factors in the theory and art of war operations: pivotal points, main focus, climax, etc. Operational Arts â€Å"Operational arts† is a modern concept that deals with the c onception and execution of military operations through the direction of military forces for particular strategic intentions. The whole operation involves the combining of the forces and allocating of the assets to planned units. Thus, it forms a bridge between strategy and tactics by building an association between the aims of war and the actual fight in it, and seeks to attain a level between these. Napoleonic Impact on Operational Arts Many critics believe that the origin of the concept of operational arts lie back to eighteenth century with the theorists belonging to â€Å"the Soviet inter-war†. However until recently, this term referred to only a combination of activities performed in the battlefield, such as: defining the routes of attack, scavenging and stocking, and barriers along with the growth of overall mans, unceasing processes athwart manifold battles of war, and the distribution of power among dogmatic and armed leaders. Later, Napoleonic wars as well as the ind ustrial revolution developed them into a true set of operations. Napoleonic wars introduced large groups of inspired men-of-war while the other had provided with the sources for army’

Larry page Essay Example for Free

Larry page Essay How was the leader ‘vision’ implemented? Google founded in 1998 with Sergey Brin. Google soon found itself at the top of search engines and from a small, garage- based company had transformed into a global giant. Google now is a synonym of worlds no1 ideal (New York Post, 2011) and employs 53546 people owns numerous offices worldwide. Some vision points for Google and future technologies that Larry pages laying out from Google’s developer conference in San Francisco 2011. â€Å"Technology should do the hard work so people can do the things that make them the happiest in life. † â€Å"We’re really only at 1% of what’s possible, and maybe even less than that†¦we’re still moving slow.† â€Å"We should be building great things that don’t exist.† â€Å"Being negative is not how we make progress.† â€Å"I’m sure people in the future will think were just as crazy as we think people in the past were.† â€Å"I think today we’re still just scratching the surface of what’s possible. That’s why I’m so excited Google is working on the platforms supporting all your innovations.† Source: http://www.businessinsider.com.au/larry-page-lays-out-his-vision-for-the-future-of-google-and-technology-2013-5 Analyse Leader style. (Explain/ justify your answer) Larry Page has 5 leader style strategies 1. Follow the crazy ideas Google search engine of creativity stems from one of his dream: He was trying to download the entire Internet to your computer, but also to maintain the entire link. When someone did crazy to this extent, you will face smaller competitions. He said. 2. Create the team work, Avoid bureaucratic Larry is doing the reorganization without a whisper and streamlining of middle managers in order to eliminate bureaucracy. 3. Respond quickly and concisely  Page hopes to develop a more responsive and more flexible approach to management in Google, which would easy to make a judgment when making a decision. 4. Understand the importance of â€Å"little tricks† Google always improving their products such as Gmail, search engines and android products to take their customers have good image to Google. 5. Unremitting.  Larry pages thinks unremitting is a successful method to achieve the goals. If people not keep faith the thing they want to do, they may not achieve their objective. Source: http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2011-04-19/11585423562.shtml Purpose of program. Google Larry and Sergey reason why the search engine named Google is actually taken from the mathematical term googol, meaning one followed by 100 zeros. In 1998, Sun Microsystems (Sun) co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim wrote a check for $ 100,000 U.S. dollars, the company does not yet exist to open Google Inc., Google Inc. Was born Summary and timeline of program implementation 1996 Larry and Sergey this time is a computer graduate student at Stanford University, they began to build a cooperative called BackRub search engine. 1997  Larry and Sergey decided to change to a new name Backrub search engine. After some brainstorming, the final decision is named Google 1998. Sun Microsystems (Sun) co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim wrote a check for $ 100,000 U.S. dollars to open a company does not yet exist: Google Inc. 8 1999 ~ recent  Eric Schmidt was appointed as chairman of the board First published 10 kinds of language version of Google.com , available in French, German, Italian, Swedish, Finnish, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Norwegian and Danish Start for searching for Chinese, Japanese and Korean language support to a total of 15 species. Google Toolbar launched . This is a browser plug-in can be carried out without entering the Google home search. Released the first mobile device with an open platform Android, August 19 in the United States Wall Street initial public offering of Class A common stock Google Maps official on-line Officially acquired AdMob, which is a mobile service multimedia advertising company. Announced the co-founder Larry Page in April 2011 will be the companys chief executive , Eric Schmidt will serve as executive chairman. (Source: http://www.google.com.au/about/company/history/#top)

Parental Involvement in Education Essay -- Parent Involvement in Educat

Parental Involvement Parent Involvement has been an issue in the United States since before the turn of the nineteenth century (Wallace). â€Å"Parent Involvement† and â€Å"parent participation† are nebulous terms because there is an array of parenting behaviors that this could include (Hickman). Either way you define it, parents must get involved. What many parents consider ‘being involved’ varies from family to family. No one is better placed or more qualified than parents to make a difference in their child’s academic and lifelong education (Bourquin). Parents are the vast resource that must be tapped to increase student learning (Hickman). Parents are their child’s first teacher. The elementary age is the most crucial time for parents to get involved in their child’s education. Nothing affects the academic outcome for a child as much as the involvement of a parent (Bourquin). Mom and Dad are the most influential position to shape their child’s future. Parents have a greater opportunity to make a difference, teach, model and guide their children’s learning more than anyone else (Bourquin). Involvement allows parents to communicate with teachers about their child’s learning style and characteristics. This allows teachers to do a better job teaching the child, giving them a better opportunity for success (Heffer). The support of a parent is the single most important factor in predicting success in school for young children (Bourquin). Parents who make it a point to get involved with the child’s education are communicating the importance of education to their child (Heffer). There are a variety of ways in which a parent can get involved. This can range from at home help and encouragement with homework, attending athletic ... ...e parents explaining what is going on in the classroom and upcoming events that parents can attend. (Hopkings) Parent involvement affects all aspects of a child’s education. Parents must be involved as teachers, learners, supporters, and advocates of their child’s learning (Hopkings). Studies show that kids who know that their parents are involved and interested tend to take more responsibility for their own learning and behavior. Schoolwork and grades improve. Work habits improve. Less work is handed in late. Fewer referrals for behavior problems are made. Attendance increases, and fewer kids show up late for class (Hopkings). With all this information documented it shows the true importance of parent involvement in education. The more involved the parents are, the better off each child will be. So when you become a parent, get involved in your child’s education!

Ethics in Our Everyday Lives Essay

This paper will discuss how ethics relate in our everyday lives and more specifically how ethics are used in our workplace also how ethics are used by companies. This paper will also cover how businesses have implemented ethical procedures, standards and how these businesses flourished because of the effective use of ethical standards. â€Å"I consider ethics, as well as religion, as supplements to law in the government of man.† Thomas Jefferson Ethics in our Everyday Lives. As a society we are faced with ethical problems every day, and how we handle these situations shape our culture and lives. However, what are ethics? The meaning of â€Å"ethics† is hard to pin down, and the views many people have about them are shaky. People tend to associate ethics with their feelings. But being ethical is clearly not a matter of following one’s feelings, nor should one identify ethics with religion, the law or â€Å"whatever society accepts.† Ethics refers to the constant effort of studying our moral conduct, and our own moral beliefs, and striving to ensure that we, and the institutions we help to shape, live up to standards that are reasonable and concrete. It is not enough to be able to do the right thing when we ourselves have nothing to lose. We must be willing to fulfill our ethical obligations at the expense of our self-centered desires and vested interests. (Dr. Richard Paul & Dr. Linda Elder, 2003) In short, ethics is doing what is right even when no one is looking. Well-founded standards of right and wrong that advocate what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, benefits to society, obligations, fairness, or specific virtues stem directly from having ethics. Ethical standards also impose the judicious obligations to refrain from rape, stealing, murder, assault, and fraud, therefore a society with a strong code of ethics tends to run smoothly. A society with no code of ethics could very well develop into anarchy. Although arguments have been made, to the contrary, ethics are just as vital in the workplace. Ethics are essential in the workplace because a tough ethical code provides a non-threatening environment with high employee morale, a company that exhibits clear-cut ethics tends to show higher profits, and simply because it is the right thing to do. Perhaps most important, attention to ethics in the workplaces helps ensure that when leaders and managers are strugg ling in times of crises and confusion, they retain a strong moral compass, and this goes for the workers as well. The Ethics Resource Center, a non-profit, non-partisan organization devoted to business ethics, released the results of its 2005 National Business Ethics Survey, polling more than 3000 workers across America. The results were disheartening; 21% observed abusive or intimidating behavior toward employees. 19% observed lying to customers, employees, vendors or the public. 18% observed situations that placed employee interests over company interests. 16% observed violations of safety regulations and misreporting of time worked (Verschoor, 2000, pp. 19-20) Environments that accommodate these low ethical standards tend to feel hostile to the average employee. When this behavior is witnessed repeatedly over time, it lowers morale. And low moral easily leads the employee feels no loyalty towards the company and in turn the company feels no loyalty towards its employees. A workplace that encourages the effective ethical administration, however, is a workplace that breeds strong morale. Patricia Harned, ERC president, states â€Å"Creating a strong ethical environment should be a top priority of all companies.† (Verschoor, 2000, pp. 19-20) According to â€Å"Workplace Ethics†, a company with strong ethical guidelines has a few commonalities. Companies watch encouraged communication; the staff feels open and unthreatened about reporting and discussing ethical concerns. They also clarify rewards and punishments, which provides a meaningful context to what otherwise seems arbitrary. Businesses that encourage trust between management and employs well tend to have a much easier time enforcing their ethical standards. Also businesses found out that by promoting this strategy that it was much less expensive and more effective than legally defining and enforcing their ethical standards. These organizations also build corporate values, which improves the corporate image. (Compilation, 1999) This creates an environment that employees find a joy to work in. Furthermore, from a corporate perspective it is just as significant to note that an ethical company tends to be a profitable company. Can a company have ethical practices, and still show a profit? Yes, according to Business Ethics magazine. By concentrating on the effects of business decisions made and how they enhance or diminish the well being of others, benefits can be seen for the company, the employee, the stockholder, and the consumer. Many of the corporations that show up on the 100 Best Corporate Citizens by Business magazine also show up on Fortune magazine’s 100 Best Companies to Work For in America and Working Mother magazine’s Best Companies to Work For. (Do Good, Do Well, 2001, p. 28) Starbucks is one of these companies and has been a regular on these lists. Starbucks is working to empower farmers in East Timor, where coffee provides the livelihood of 25% of the population. The company also participates in various external programs to help benefit the envir onment and provide relief efforts after disasters. Internally, Starbucks offers many benefits to its employees-including tuition reimbursement, partner benefits, a wellness program and a 25 to 150% match in its 401(k) plan. (Examining the benefits of corporate social responsibility, May1 2006) These factors are just some that contribute to the success of Starbucks and provide the company with the foundation to build a coffeehouse on every street corner. Another company that is perennially honored for its ethical conduct is Southwest Airlines. Although the airline industry has been through what some may characterize as catastrophic circumstances over the last several years Southwest has never cut employee pay. In fact, the organization’s employees took a voluntary pay cut after Sept. 11, 2001, rather than allow surging costs to force Southwest to reduce its flight schedule. â€Å"I’ve been here 28 years,† states Donna Conover, Southwest’s executive vice president of customer service, â€Å"and from the beg inning, we’ve felt that employees are our greatest assets.† (Examining the benefits of corporate social responsibility, May1 2006) An unethical company, however, can expect none of these benefits, and it may actually be part of the reason for failing. A perfect example of an unethical fallout would be that of the oil giant Enron. Former Enron chairman Kenneth Lay, discussing his company’s collapse due to fraud, and insider trading and tax evasion, recently insisted that his once great and honest company adhered to prevailing business practices. â€Å"The Enron task force investigation is largely a case about normal business activities typically engaged in on a daily basis by corporate officers of publicly held companies throughout the country,† Lay insisted in a December 2005 speech. Lay went on to say that the Enron task force was â€Å"attempting to criminalize† what he characterized as common business practices. Under Lay’s perverted ethics code, transactions meant to deceive are not wrong if these transactions, legal or not, are commonly practiced by corporate America. Stockholder s often paid the price of such as moral relativism. (Zamansky, 02/01/2006, p. 11a) This points out what should be the overriding reason for expecting high ethical standards in the workplace-it’s the right thing to do. A recent survey by The Society for Human Resource Management found that 54% of human-resource professionals surveyed had witnessed conduct in the workplace which violated either the law or common practices of their organizations. Some of the violations witnessed ware, Fair Labor Standards Act, violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, employees engaging in fraud, falsifying records, altering the results of product tests, and misusing insider information. (Schumann, Spring/Summer 2001, p. 93) The survey found that 47% of those surveyed felt pressured to compromise ethical standards to achieve business objectives. They stated that they did not report observed conduct due to factors such as fear of retribution, lack of trust in the organization’s procedures, the desire to be part of the team, or a feeling that ethics were unimportant to the organizations. (Schumann, Spring/Summer 2001, p. 93) The main culprit for this pervading ethical dilemma is moral relativism. Moral relativism is the belief that because different people have different moral principles, there is no way to pass judgment on these principles as to their validity or lack thereof. Taken to its extreme, this belief would allow any action, from lying to murder, if the perpetrator simply believes his moral framework does not preclude that action. An excellent example of this new moral relativism is recounted by Rhonda Gibbs. â€Å"About three years ago,† she recalls, â€Å"My daughter’s high school basketball coach, (also a teacher), was having a relationship with a minor.† The relationship, she details, was very obvious to those who had daily contact with the pair. Staff, faculty, and students watched the relationship develop over a period of nine months to a year; however, not a single person spoke up about the impropriety of this relationship or the seriousness of this crime. Whether for reasons of not wanting to upset the coach, not wanting to look like a whistle blower, or simply to maintain the status quo, this teacher’s colleagues, the very people charged with protection of the young girl, allowed him to violate her for at least nine months. The school was only forced to deal with the issue when outside parties informed the police. Although the landscape sometimes looks bleak for the proponents of a strong ethical society, ethics do get used in a moral fashion, as this next example illustrates. Some surplus land adjacent to a shopping center was donated to a city by the developers who owned the mall. The land was earmarked by the builders to be used for community soccer fields. They then spent large sums of their own money to develop the fields. The donated land was adjacent to a river, and after many years of spring floods swamping the fields, the city abandoned them. The developers, realizing that the land was no longer being used for their intended purpose, contacted the city. Developers are notorious for taking otherwise useless land and turning it into acres of parking lots. These individuals, however, decided to transform the property, at their own expense, into a community wetland park. This transformation took over two years and several hundred thousand dollars. These businessmen, who were well within their rights to demand the land back since it wasn’t being utilized for its donated purpose, instead did the ethical thing at great cost to themselves. As I can be seen, ethics are important in the workplace and our every day life as well because they provide higher profits, higher morale, and ethical behavior is the proper course of action. Whether decisions made affect the operation of a home, small business, large corporation, or a nation, a clear ethical foundation will always serve to improve our society. References Compilation. (1999). Bulletpoint. Retrieved May 6, 2006, from Workplace Ethics Web site: http://web107.epnet.com Examining the benefits of corporate social responsibility. (May1 2006). Employee Benefit News, pITEM0612100B. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from http://find.galegroup.com. Do Good, Do Well. (2001, January). Workforce, 80, 28. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from http://find.galegroup.com. Dr. Richard Paul & Dr. Linda Elder. (2003). The Miniature Guide to Understanding the Foundations of Ethical Reasoning. The Foundation for Critical Thinking. Guest, E. (n.d.). SoFinesJoyfulMoments. Retrieved May 8, 2006, from Mary (Garren) Morand Web site: http://sofinesjoyfulmoments.com/quotes/sermon.htm Schumann, P.L. (Spring/Summer 2001). A moral principles framework for human resource management ethics. Human Resource Management Review, 11 (1/2), 93. Retrieved May 6, 2006, from http://web102.epnet.com. Verschoor, C. (2000, December). Ethical Culture: Most Important Barrier to Ethical Misconduct. Strategic Finance, 87, 19-20. Retrieved May 6, 2006, from http://web107.epnet.com. Zamansky, J. (02/01/2006). At the least, former Enron chiefs are guilty of moral bankruptcy. USAToday, 0734-7456, p. 11a. Retrieved from http://web102.epnet.com.

Harvey Milk Essay

Harvey Bernard Milk was an American politician who is known for being the first man to be elected to a public office while being openly gay (Scruggs). He was born in the year 1930 May 22 and was murdered on November 27, 1978. Up until this time, he made a name as a San Francisco civil rights activist who largely helped campaign for the rights of homosexuals hence opening up the American society to gay and lesbian issues (Milk Foundation). However, this was not the only field he dealt with but as a human rights visionary, he championed improvement of education, housing, child care and public transportation. He started off his numerous professions by joining the Navy in 1951 from which he was honorably discharged in 1955 in the rank of junior lieutenant (Milk Foundation). He then took up a teaching job in a high school and afterwards did finance jobs. All this time he was not in the public limelight until a 1970 protest of Cambodian invasion by America where he publicly burned his BankAmericard. He was then dismissed from his job after which he tried in vain to vie for public office in the Board of Supervisors three times in San Francisco triggered by a public scandal known as the Watergate. However he finally succeeded in 1977 becoming the first gay official to be thus elected. Milk’s agenda in politics consisted of campaigns for the government to respond to individual needs, emphasis on gay rights and also retention of San Francisco neighborhoods uniqueness (Gardner, and Krakow 31). During this tenure a gay rights law was passed barring discrimination of persons in respect to housing and employment based on sexual orientation. In the same period, it was announced that more gay persons were to be hired as police officers. Milk also initiated programs that were to benefit minority groups, the elderly and also workers. He gained popularity for being behind the quashing of a senate proposal to bar gay and lesbian teachers from public schools in California. Milk was shot on November 27 1978 in City Hall by Dan White a former city supervisor who protested at the passage of the gay rights law (Jim 71). This resulted to nationwide protest with riots erupting in San Francisco especially in light of the light sentence handed to Dan White who later committed suicide. The advantages of Harvey Milk are mainly entrenched in his human rights campaigns. He was bold to fight against the government of the day and as a result programs to cater for transport issues and housing especially for the poor were created. In addition, Milk was able to champion causes against corruption in government evidenced by his initial prompting to join politics during the Watergate scandal which led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon (Scruggs). Milk can be said to have generally influenced generations to stand up and fight for their rights especially in the face of strong opposition. He is said to indeed be an inspiration. The disadvantages on the other hand are mainly entrenched in moral issues which his main adversaries fielded (Scruggs). Such persons argue that Milk made mistakes that have had rippling effects on society especially on moral grounds. Milk is said to have helped open up society to violation of family values that are central to the advancement of society. His bold stand in favor of homosexuality is demonized by many. In addition, it can be argued that Milk’s hard-line stand on various issues was one of his grave mistakes. It can be said that such stands caused unnecessary friction in society and upset social harmony by inciting people against the government. Despite these shortcomings milk has been immortalized as evidenced in the names of Harvey Milk Democratic Club, the Harvey Milk High School in New York and the annual Harvey Milk Memorial Parade in San Francisco.

No Pets Allowed! Professor Ramos Blog

No Pets Allowed! Lisa Towell has been a volunteer at her local pet shelter and tells a story about what happened to an animal which the owner surrenders to them. â€Å"I remember one handsome, friendly black-and-white tuxedo cat who was dropped off at the shelter a while ago. We had lots of other cats available, and the tuxedo cat wasn’t adopted quickly. He handled his new world very well at first, but as the weeks turned into months, he became irritable and unhappy. Eventually, the shelter staff made the difficult but humane decision to end his suffering by euthanizing (to death humanely). He was just 5 years old† (Towell). No Pets allowed! This event is the worst and common to see while looking for a new place to move into. Driving around and you see starving scared stray dogs and cats on the streets, and why is that? That is because approximately 6.5 million companion animals enter the U.S. animal shelters nationwide yearly (ASPCA.org). This event could be for many reasons but one of reasons is abandonment. One way that we can fix that is by more landlords letting renters have animals, and landlords don’t like pets for these reasons. They can cause damage to the property, animals being snuck in, and animals cause liability. Pets for landlords can benefit landlords also by making them more money. Many animals can cause from little to major damage to a property. They do this by going to the bathroom inside, chewing on things, and scratching and shedding. landlord will continuously have to replace carpet and furniture especially if the tenant has a miss behaved dog. This event can be fixed by having pet rent, and a deposit for the future cost. Also, the landlord can limit the sizes of the dog to smaller dogs. This event would lessen the damage if there is any. According to AAOA (American Apartment Owner Association) constant problem landlords face is tenants who sneak in their pets. The Balance Small Business says â€Å"if you allow pets, it will decrease the chances of tenants trying to sneak in pets that you have not approved (Eberlin). Also, you could state on the lease agreement if an unexpected pet is found the violator will be charged a fee plus pet rent from the beginnings of their contract. Some dogs can be aggressive or vicious by nature and landlords are afraid of being held liable. If you are a landlord to lessen the chance of that happening, you can restrict the breeds and avoid the more well-known aggressive or vicious breeds. However, the landlord’s liability is limited. According to Nolo’s legal encyclopedia, â€Å"in general courts hold a landlord liable only if the landlord knew the dog was dangerous and could have had the dog removed; or harbored or kept the tenants dog- that is, cared for or had some control over the dog† (Randolph). If you are worried that a dog might be a problem for you, landlords could ask that the owner would produce of go get a Canine Good Citizen title. According to AKC (American Kennel Club) a Canine Good Citizen â€Å"is designed to reward dogs who have good manners at home and in the community† (AKC). With the restriction on breeds, limited liability, and the Canine Good Citizen landlords should have a pi ece of mind. All worries you might have can be fixed and maintained, but allowing these animals open up the opportunity’s for landlords to make much more money. By allowing animals to your renters opens up a mass pool of candidates. â€Å"that almost 50% of renters own a pet. Therefore, if you make your property pet-friendly tenant as you will have a larger group to choose from† (Eberlin). More tenant options make it more likely for you to lease units much faster. For example, â€Å"David Last, a property manager, developer, and the founder of Last 2 Development, also in Boston, agrees and offers this example, â€Å"If you have 30 units that you can lease even 10 days faster by allowing pets, that’s the equivalent of an additional 300 days of rent. Assuming the average monthly rent is $2,000 per unit, that’s about $20,000 of extra (annual) income† (Gallant). Pet owners make more money and are better tenants. â€Å"According to Practical Apartment Management, b y Edward N Kelly, 65% of pet owners earn over $50,000 a year† (Eberlin). Responsible Pet owners are more responsible because if they are able to take care of a pet they are able to be more responsible about what they are renting. Pet owners tend to stay longer with their lease. This event is because it is harder for them to find a pet friendly place. Because there are fewer pet friendly places landlords can get away with charging a little more for rent if you allow pets. If we bring down the wall of fear that landlords have about pets on how they can cause damage to the property, animals being snuck in, and animals cause liability we can decree the chances of animals being abandoned on the streets or being put into shelters. And we knock down that wall by making the pet having tenants have a pet deposit and pet rent, not harboring known aggressive animals, and have a pet policies and restrictions in place for animals. By doing this, we can save an animal’s life because â€Å"each year, approximately 1.5 million shelter animals are euthanized (670,000 dogs and 860,000 cats)† (ASPCA), and avoid the pain of family’s separation from their pets. â€Å"6 Reasons to Allow or Not Allow Pets.† AAOA, 18 Jan. 2016, https://www.american-apartment-owners-association.org/property-management/latest-news/6-reasons-allow-allow-pets/. Eberlin, Erin. â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Renting to Tenants Who Have Pets.† The Balance Small Business, The Balance Small Business, 30 May 2019, https://www.thebalancesmb.com/should-you-make-your-property-pet-friendly-2125005. Kriss, Randa. â€Å"What Is Canine Good Citizen?†American Kennel Club, 26 Oct. 2017, https://www.akc.org/products-services/training-programs/canine-good-citizen/what-is-canine-good-citizen/. â€Å"Make Your Rental Properties Pet-Friendly.†Buildium, 4 Mar. 2019, https://www.buildium.com/blog/pet-friendly-properties-can-make-more-money/. â€Å"Pet Statistics.† ASPCA, https://www.aspca.org/animal-homelessness/shelter-intake-and-surrender/pet-statistics. Randolph, Mary, and J.d. â€Å"Landlord Liability for Tenants Dogs.†Www.nolo.com, Nolo, 23 June 2014, https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/free-books/dog-book/chapter4-7.html. Towell, Lisa. â€Å"Why People Abandon Animals.†PETA Prime, 20 Sept. 2018, https://prime.peta.org/2018/09/why-people-abandon-animals/.

An Introduction to the French Language and Linguistics

An Introduction to the French Language and Linguistics A good place to begin if youre considering learning any language is to learn about where the language came from and how it functions within linguistics. If youre thinking about learning French before your next visit to Paris, this quick guide will get you started on discovering where French came from. The Language of Love French belongs to a group of languages identified as a Romance language, although thats not why its called the language of love. In linguistic terms, Romance and Romanic have nothing to do with love; they come from the word Roman and simply mean from Latin. Other terms sometimes used for these languages are Romanic, Latin, or Neo-Latin languages. These languages evolved from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries. Some other very common Romance languages include Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and Romanian. Other Romance languages include Catalan, Moldavian, Rhaeto-Romanic, Sardinian and Provenà §al. Because of their shared roots in Latin, these languages can have many words that are similar to each other.   Places French Is Spoken Romance languages originally evolved in Western Europe, but colonialism spread some of them all over the world. As a result,  French is spoken  in many regions other than just France. For example, French is spoken in the Maghreb, through Central and West Africa, and in Madagascar and Mauritius. Its the official language in 29 countries, but the majority of the francophone population is in Europe, followed by sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, the Middle East and the Americas, with about 1% being spoken in Asia and Oceania.   Even though French is a Romance language, which you now know means that it is based on Latin, French has a number of characteristics that set it apart from the other members of its linguistic family. The development of French  and basic  French linguistics  go back to Frenchs evolution from Gallo-Romance which was the spoken Latin in Gaul and even more specifically, in Northern Gaul.   Reasons to Learn to Speak French Aside from becoming fluent in the worlds recognized language of love, French has long been an international language for diplomacy, literature and commerce, and has played a significant role in the arts and sciences as well. French is a recommended language to know for business as well. Learning French can allow communication  for various business and leisure travel opportunities across the world.

What are the limit of your Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What are the limit of your Knowledge - Essay Example Does our knowledge have the capacity to understand ‘reality’? In our Introduction to Philosophy course, we have discussed several philosophical themes to guide us in understanding how our great thinkers tried to make sense of the world, not just the physical world, but the world of meanings as well. These philosophical themes are metaphysics, epistemology, rationalism, and empiricism. Metaphysics is a very abstract form of knowledge because it delves not on the physical world but on the intangible meaning of life and the almost incomprehensible features of the universe. For me, metaphysics is a very difficult form of knowledge because there is no certainty. It analyzes subjects that are in fact unintelligible. For example, how are we going to answer the question why do individuals have free will? Where does our sense of moral responsibility come from? Is it God-given? Essentially, in terms of metaphysics, my knowledge is very limited. Epistemology, just like metaphysics, is interested in knowledge and truth. More specifically, epistemology tries to know whether it is even possible for the human mind to decipher the truth. For me, epistemology is a more practical way of looking at reality than metaphysics. I always believed that true knowledge is one that has a justification. And this justification is not a simple one; it has to go through rigorous debate and analysis. In my personal life, when I am confronted with a new idea, I usually look for the bases of that idea before considering it as true knowledge. I can say that epistemology is one of my strengths. Rationalism, on the other hand, is also an ambitious form of knowledge. It is certain that the elusive nature of reality can be known through innate ideas and reason. But I believe that our rationality has limits. Our reason is limited by our senses: ‘to see is to believe’. And so we arrive to the last form of knowledge, empiricism. An empiricist identifies

Compare and contrast the representation of women in the Iliad and the Essay

Compare and contrast the representation of women in the Iliad and the Odyssey - Essay Example On the other hand, the Iliad demonstrates the importance of women in the lives of the ancient Greece. Their roles are mainly depicted as mothers and wives. The Iliad has dedicated women to the role of helping men in different aspects, while at the same time playing the ritualistic roles that would see such men remain well protected during their war adventures. Looking at Hecuba and Andromache of the Iliad, women’s roles are mainly depicted as mothers and wives. The maternal and protective instincts of their sons are seen as an obstacle that the male hero has to overcome to fulfill his heroic destiny. Hecuba plays the caring role of being a mother to Hector. Therefore fore, when Hector arrives back at Troy with the message that women need to offer a sacrifice of the beautiful robes to Athena, Hecuba pleaded with him to first take some wine and relax, and then offer a sacrifice. To this, Hector objected, claiming that if he was to relax and offer a sacrifice, then he would need to cleanse himself first (Homer, n.p.). Further, after Hector has delivered this message, Hecuba and the rest of the women in Troy takes up their finest robes and goes to Athena’s temple, where they offered the sacrifice and prayed for the success of their warriors in the battle, and for their safe return (Homer, n.p.). Despite the fact that Hector did not succeed to return from the battle after he went back, his mother had played the caring role of a mother through playing for his success and his safe return. After Hecuba receives the news of the death of his son, Hector, she is deeply saddened, and makes his husband and the herald who were present during the delivery of the message to pour libations and pray (Homer, n.p.). This is yet a motherly role demonstrated of Hecuba, who feels that her son needs to be covered with rituals and prayers even in his death. Hecuba is also the first to throw herself at Hector’s body when it was finally returned back to

Budget Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Budget Proposal - Assignment Example Though the economy has witnessed decrease in unemployment, there is still a large proportion who has failed to find full time jobs. Corporate profits have risen dramatically, but the wage rate and income level has failed to witness the same growth. It should focus more on adding value to the rising middle class and create a hub for jobs. It should work for many and not for few. US should try to attract more high tech jobs for its middle class. A growing middle class is a key indicator of a growing economy. Bringing jobs will not solve the problem, but its people should be educated, trained and better equipped to meet the requirement of the jobs. This will not only improve the per capita income of US, but will also create high revenue for the government through large base of tax payers (Mankiw, 2008). They key areas that should be the main focus towards a balanced budget would include sectors like, infrastructure and development, education, clean energy, small business, manufacturing, health and defense. These are the critical areas of government expenditure that are to be increased while the other sectors should be decreased. The other sectors include justice, transportation, SSA, Science foundation, treasury, interior, veteran affairs, agriculture, etc. From the revenue the budgeted tax collection should be increased. The sources include income tax, corporate tax, social security tax, excise and customs. Estate and gift tax to be reduced. The specific target areas include the sectors that will help augment the revenue for the government and significantly reduce the budget deficit. Though it is totally not possible to eliminate the deficit in the short run, but it can be reduced to a sustainable level. All the sectors are critical to the growth of the economy, yet there are cert ain sectors as mentioned above that needs government aid to complement the vision of developing the middle class and creating jobs. Health and

Fulfilment of Obligations for a Contract

Fulfilment of Obligations for a Contract Jack’s purchase of â€Å"the machine† from Jim of Agricultural Supplies Ltd is one for a specific purpose. The contract with ASDA will no doubt reap substantial reward. The machine is a fundamental part of that agreement, as Jack cannot fulfill his obligations without it. The importance of the machine being able to produce vegetables that comply with the terms of the contract with ASDA was brought to the attention of Jim at the time the contract was entered into. The question of whether Jack can recover anything beyond the price of the machine after it fails to deliver will initially depend upon the interpretation of the exclusion clause. The contract specifically excludes liability for any consequential loss whatsoever. This would include the loss of profit to be suffered by Jack as a result of ASDA summarily terminating their agreement. Such terms are however subject to the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, and more specifically s. 3[1], and the test of reasonableness contained within s. 11. There is a standard requirement that the term is â€Å"fair and reasonable[2]† but what amounts to this will be a question of fact in each case. Not only will it look at the extent of what the clause is attempting to exclude, but also the bargaining position of the parties. As both are essentially acting â€Å"in the course of a business† there is a suggestion that there is an equal footing and the greater the equality, the more likely that an exclusion clause will be considered reasonable[3]. What is fair to infer from the facts of this case, is that Jack is not an experienced businessman with an understanding as to the operation of a clause that would exclude liability. He may well have noticed its presence, but requires firm clarification as to what he can actually recover in the event of a breach. It is Jim’s response that leads to the exclusion clause probably becoming unenforceable. The clause is attempting to limit the liability of Agricultural Supplies Ltd but Jim, a company Director contradicts this position and assures Jack that any consequential losses will be covered in the event of a breach. S 11(1) UCTA 1977 states that the term may be considered reasonable having regard to the circumstances known to, or in the contemplation of the parties when the contract was made. It would be harsh in this case to deny Jack the ability to rely upon Jim’s assurances. Certainly there is a strong argument that Jim’s statement will become a term of the con tract, overriding the earlier exclusion clause. It was the parties’ true intention and to allow the exclusion clause to stand would not only be unreasonable, but an inaccurate reflection of that intention[4]. Assuming therefore that the exclusion clause itself does not prevent a claim in principle for losses beyond the defective machine, we can consider the issue of lost profit arising from the agreement with ASDA. It has traditionally been the accepted practice of assessment of damages in the area of contract, that lost profit following a breach are subject to tests of causation and mitigation. While the general rule in contract law is to put the claimant in the same position as if those terms had been fulfilled[5], it is still necessary for the Court to assess such damages in monetary terms. In Jack’s situation he has an expectation interest which is defined as â€Å"the benefit [the claimant] expected to receive from the completion of the promised performance of the other party’s obligation, but which were in the event prevented by the breach of contract committed by [the defendant][6]†. The difficulty here is that while there is a definable loss i.e. the profit from the contract with ASDA, there is no knowing how long that contract would continue for or how much Jack would receive per annum. Where significant loss has been sustained, the Courts will look to the availabl e evidence to assess quantum[7]. But whether this alone would suffice is debatable. The difficulty is causation; to what extent was this breach of contract the effective or dominant cause of the loss[8]? The case of Headley v. Baxendale (1854)[9] laid down the rule regarding recovery of losses that were allegedly too remote. In modern terms it is stated to be: â€Å"A type or kind of loss is not too remote a consequence of a breach of contract is, at the time of contracting (and on the assumption that the parties actually foresaw the breach in question) it was within their reasonable contemplation as a not unlikely result of that breach[10]†. It would certainly appear therefore that such contemplation was well within the mind of both Jack and Jim at the time of entering into the contract. Indeed, Jack showed Jim a copy of the agreement with ASDA and his statement that Agricultural Supplies Ltd would â€Å"see to it that Jack is compensated for any loss he incurs† certainly seems to suggest an acceptance of the types of loss i.e. future profit, which Jack would now seek to recover. The recent judgment of the House of Lords in Transfield Shipping Inc v. Mercator Shipping Inc (The Achilleas) (2008)[11] has however thrown such assumptions wide open. This case concerned the hire of a ship for a certain period. The defendant failed to return the ship on time and as a result, the claimant lost a contract with a third party. While the defendant accepted that â€Å"in the trade† compensation would have to be paid, the disputed that they were liable for the loss of profit under the second contract. The arbitrators at first instance and the Court of Appeal[12] found for the claimant. The House of Lords however reversed that decision finding for the defendant. The issue of â€Å"assumption of responsibility† was at the forefront of the Lords’ considerations in this matter. While the defendant’s accepted that some losses would be sustained for which they may be liable, the Court felt that the particular kind of loss was not reasonably contemplated. As Lord Hope of Craighead stated[13]; â€Å"a party cannot be expected to assume responsibility for something that he cannot control and, because he does not know anything about it, cannot quantify. It is not enough for him to know in general and on open-ended terms that there is likely to be a follow-on [contract]† What has been established by the case is a second limb to the test in Headley v. Baxendale. A claimant will not necessarily recover losses that were not unlikely to occur in the usual course of things, if the defendant cannot reasonably be regarded as having assumed responsibility for losses of the particular kind suffered[14]. No longer can it be said that such losses were likely, probable or foreseeable alone, the particular type of loss must have been contemplated by the defendant and he nevertheless accepted the risk in the event of a breach. While this issue of a certain type of loss is not a new phenomenon[15], the combination with the test in Headley v. Baxendale has redressed the scope of recovery in contract cases and particularly the issue of remoteness of damage. Baroness Hale[16] has referred to this extension as â€Å"adding a novel dimension to the way in which the question of remoteness of damage in contract is to be answered†. What this case has done is establi sh a negligence type assessment for causation in contract. While the issue of remoteness, and whether the kind of loss was â€Å"not unlikely† to occur remains a question of fact, the issue of whether it was reasonable to assume the defendant accepted responsibility for that particular type of risk is a question in law[17]. Whether this will assist Jack is not clear. It has been suggested that the effect of The Achilleas upon Sale of Goods Act 1979 claims (as is Jack’s) may have relevance. S. 52(2) of the SGA 1979 states that; â€Å"The measure of damages is the estimated loss directly and naturally resulting, in the ordinary course of events, from the seller’s breach of contract†. If such loss of profit from the agreement with ASDA is to be â€Å"not unlikely† to occur, then Jack may have to establish that Jim assumed responsibility for that particular type of loss. In Chitty on Contracts[18] it is submitted that the House of Lords see their decision as a separate rule when applicable to sale of goods contracts. It should be noted that the facts of The Achilleas related to shipping contracts and the House noted that lack of case law considering this specific issue. While not limited to this area of law, the decision as opposed to other areas i.e. sale of goods, needs to be watched with trepidation. Ultimately there are reasonable prospects for Jack to secure damages beyond the cost of the machine. It can certainly be argued that Jim accepted the risk of the particular type when he was referred to the contract with ASDA. The loss of profit resulting from the termination of that agreement is not the only possible pecuniary disadvantage Jack could suffer i.e. damages claimed by ASDA, returned goods through poor quality etc. This coupled with the uncertainty as to the duration and net value of the contract makes quantum an almost impossible task. It should be noted that such losses have been recovered in Victoria Laundry (Windsor) v. Newman Industries (1949)[19], and more specifically for lost profit arising out of defective equipment under a contract of sale in H Parsons (Livestock) Ltd v. Uttley Ingham Co Ltd (1978)[20]. However the particular circumstances of Jack’s contract are quite unique, and the possible extension of the remoteness rule will not appear to be a help. BIBLIOGRAPHY Chitty on Contracts; Thirteenth Edition 2008, Sweet Maxwell Publishing Peel, E.; â€Å"Remoteness Revisited†, L.Q.R. 2009, 125(Jan), 6-12 Poole, J.; â€Å"Casebook on Contract Law†, Ninth Edition 2008, Oxford University Press McKendrick, E.; â€Å"Contract Law: Text Cases and Materials† Third Edition 2008, Oxford University Press Tamblyn, N; â€Å"Damages Under String Contracts for Sale of Goods†, J.B.L. 2009, 1, 1-14 Rose, F.; â€Å"Blackstone’s Statutes on Contract, Tort Restitution 2008-2009†, Nineteenth Edition 2008, Blackstone Press www.westlaw.co.uk – as accessed on 22nd December 2008 1 Footnotes [1] UCTA 1977 s. 3(1) â€Å"This section applies as between contracting parties where one of them deals†¦on the other’s written standard terms of business†; Chester Grosvenor Hotel Co Ltd v. Alfred McApline Management Ltd [1991] 56 Build LR 115 [2] UCTA 1977 s. 11(1) [3] Watford Electronics Ltd v. Sanderson CFL Ltd [2001] All ER (D) 290 CA [4] This section can be expanded upon to include additional cases on exclusion clauses in any text book. There is also an argument for rectification by mistake i.e. Joscelyne v. Nissen [1970] 2 QB 86 (CA) [5] Golden Strait Corp v. Nippon Yusen Kubishika Kaisha [2007] UKHL 12 [6] Chitty on Contracts: Thirteenth Edition, Volume I, at para 26-002 [7] Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd v. Kamsing Knitting Factory [1979] A.C. 91, 106. [8] Ibid fn 6 at para 26-032 [9] [1854] 9 Ex. 341 [10] Ibid fn 6 at para 26-054; see also Koufos v. C. Czarnikow Ltd (The Heron II) [1969] 1 A.C. 350 [11] [2008] UKHL 48 [12] [2007] Lloyd’s Rep 555 [13] Ibid fn 11 at para 36 [14] Ibid fn 6 at para 26-100A [15] Victoria Laundry (Windsor) v. Newman Industries [1949] 2 K.B. 528 [16] Ibid fn 11 at para 93 [17] Ibid at para 22 per Lord Hoffman [18] Ibid fn 6 at para 26-100G [19] Ibid fn 15 [20] [1978] Q.B. 791